Litigation And Dispute Resolution Legal Professionals

The plaintiff on this instance would then receive some amount of time to make a reply to this counterclaim. The defendant may file a “third get together complaint”, which is the defendant’s privilege to join one other party or events in the motion with the belief that those parties could additionally be responsible for some or all of the plaintiff’s claimed damages. An answer from the defendant in response to the claims made in opposition to him/her, can even include further facts or a so-called “excuse” for the plead. Filing an answer “joins the cause” and moves the case into the pre-trial phase. Though the overwhelming majority of lawsuits are settled before ever reaching trial, they will still be very sophisticated to litigate. This is especially true in federal techniques, where a federal court could additionally be making use of state law (e.g. the Erie doctrine, for example in the United States), or vice versa.

Thus, a party who doesn’t raise a difficulty of truth on the trial courtroom stage typically can’t raise it on attraction. At trial, every particular person presents witnesses and the proof collected is recorded. Generally talking, the plaintiff has the burden of proof in making his claims, nonetheless, the defendant may have the burden of proof on other issues, such as affirmative defenses. The attorneys are held accountable in devising a trial technique that ensures they meet the necessary components of their case or to make sure the opponent won’t be able to fulfill his or her burden.

Litigation

Litigation as ruled by the federal courts includes numerous federal rules. These are in addition to the rules of native courts and the standing points from judges. In fact, most litigation instances involve initial activity by the attorneys or attorneys, and then a long period of exchanging legal calls for, threats, and the like until the parties start negotiating a settlement. Settlement negotiations are primarily based on the kind of criticism and possible end result for every celebration. Globalization of world markets has brought limitless industrial opportunities. However, it has also elevated the potential for legal legal responsibility by exposing companies around the world to monetary and reputational risk across multiple jurisdictions.

Procedural rules are constrained and informed by separate statutory laws, case legal guidelines, and constitutional provisions that outline the rights of the events to a lawsuit , though the principles generally replicate this authorized context on their face. The details of the procedure differ greatly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and often from court docket to courtroom even within the similar jurisdiction. These guidelines of the actual procedures are very important for litigants to know, as a result of the litigants are the ones who dictate the timing and progression of the lawsuit. Litigants are responsible to acquire the suited end result and the timing of reaching this outcome. Failure to adjust to the procedural rules could result in critical limitations that can affect the power of one to present claims or defenses at any subsequent …

By Michael February 17, 2023 Off

Climate Change Litigation Databases Sabin Heart For Local Weather Change Law

Our international experience, via offices in Asia Pacific, Europe and Latin America, and our numerous multilingual attorneys, additional allow us to seamlessly symbolize purchasers globally and to efficiently deal with disputes of a global nature. A competitor’s false promoting can do greater than rob an organization of enterprise; it could injury and even destroy a company’s brand. Shearman & Sterling’s advertising litigation team has huge expertise serving to shoppers shield their reputations and businesses in opposition to false promoting and unfair competitors. We symbolize global and domestic shoppers from numerous industries in litigation under the Lanham Act and state law to stop false advertising and get well damages and unjust enrichment for the harm brought on by unfair competitors.

Litigation

The plaintiff sends the defendant written questions seeking data involving the dispute. The events could request copies of paperwork for evaluate, or ask to test or study other types of bodily evidence. A widespread question, the straightforward answer is that all litigators are attorneys but not all lawyers are litigators. There are legal professionals who do enterprise regulation, oversee contract signing, or numerous different duties that don’t involve resolving or fighting disputes.

The litigation course of is ruled by The Civil Procedure Rules 1998. This is a comprehensive set of rules which inform all features of the civil litigation process. The Rules prescribe the deadlines inside which sure steps in the litigation process should be undertaken, the right forms to make use of and the obligations on the parties to litigation to slender the problems in dispute. Please note that other areas of dispute, such as matrimonial disputes, may have their own set of procedural rules to comply with. With experienced lawyers on the bottom in the United States, Europe, Asia and South America, we represent multinational shoppers seamlessly and cost-efficiently across enterprise traces and geographic areas.

The materials on this web site are supposed to offer a common abstract of the regulation and don’t constitute legal recommendation. You should consult with counsel to determine applicable authorized necessities in a particular reality scenario. Access our insightful thought leadership, together with articles, shopper alerts, and weblog posts… Represented a international country’s national energy company regarding alleged legal exercise within the Baaken Formation oil fields of Montana and the Dakotas.

A declaratory judgment may be issued to prevent future authorized disputes. Trial expertise matter—even in a world where few disputes ever see the inside of a courtroom. Our litigation lawyers are totally prepared to defend our clients’ pursuits in court, each within the United States and around the world. From compliance counseling to mediation, settlement negotiation, motion follow, trial, and attraction, Winston offers a full-service litigation law agency able to meeting our clients’ business and authorized goals, whatever they may be. The Legal 500 United Statesconsistently ranks WilmerHale’s litigation apply in the areas of international trade, patent litigation, appellate and US Supreme Court litigation, worldwide arbitration, securities litigation, trials and white collar felony defense. We serve as Facebook’s sole outdoors counsel, answerable for …

By Michael February 13, 2023 Off

Get Legal Help Legal Companies Company: America’s Associate For Equal Justice

In addition, Brands should be clear to our customers about disclosing any endorsements or consideration offered to artists, songwriters, customers, or another party and should comply with all relevant legal guidelines, laws, and codes of apply when partaking in the foregoing practices. Spotify might once in a while make adjustments to Paid Subscriptions, together with recurring subscription charges, the Pre-Paid Period , or Codes, and can communicate any value changes to you prematurely. Price adjustments will take effect at the start of the subsequent subscription interval following the date of the value change and, by persevering with to make use of the Spotify Service after the worth change takes effect, you will have accepted the new value. If you do not comply with a price change, you’ll be able to reject the change by unsubscribing from the applicable Paid Subscription previous to the value change going into impact.

Spotify has no obligation to provide any particular content through the Spotify Service, and Spotify or the applicable house owners might remove specific songs, videos, podcasts, and other Content without discover. Find consolidated schedules of commitments and MFN exemptions by nation, sector, and mode of provide. Does not include information on present negotiations or on international locations which joined the WTO since January 2000.

Our numerous team of business and legal professionals is right here to help reply questions, establish conflicts, and proactively engage in conversations that move toward resolutions of points. Our team continues to search for methods to offer our clients with one of the best user expertise attainable, including making our agreements simpler to learn and understand. Your use of the Spotify Service following any changes to those Terms will constitute your acceptance of such modifications. If you don’t wish to proceed utilizing the Spotify Service under the up to date Terms, you might terminate your account by contacting us. The efficient date set forth at the high of this doc signifies when these Terms have been final modified. As part of our efforts to remain transparent, a duplicate of each legal notice we obtain may be despatched to the Lumen project for publication.

You may be required to clear extra rights if a specific content depicts identifiable non-public people or includes third-party works. To use or reproduce content material that is not owned by the EU, you could need to seek permission directly from the rightholders. Software or documents covered by industrial property rights, such as patents, commerce marks, registered designs, logos and names, are excluded from the Commission’s reuse coverage and are not licensed to you. Compliance with relevant information safety and accessibility necessities of external web sites linked to from Commission web sites within the europa.eu area, falls outdoors the management of the European Commission and is the specific responsibility of the exterior web site. The UNICEF Web Site could also be linked to other web sites that are not beneath UNICEF’s control.

Legal

Our industry-leading solutions range from custom legal professional websites, to seo, to internet …

By Michael February 11, 2023 Off

Litigation And Dispute Decision Lawyers

Parties may be penalised for failing to comply with these rules by costs orders towards them or in the most excessive cases having their claims or defences “struck out”. This implies that they will not proceed in the course of and “lose” by default. Litigation refers back to the strategy of resolving disputes by filing or answering a criticism via the basic public court system. Through our intensive worldwide footprint, we serve as international coordinating counsel in multi-jurisdictional instances and have in depth expertise working with the most certified firms in native jurisdictions. Winston & Strawn’s legal professionals and professional staff are operating in a hybrid work setting. Our professionals are available in particular person, via e-mail, cellphone, and video conferencing to proceed to serve our purchasers throughout the globe.

Thus, a party who doesn’t raise an issue of fact at the trial court degree typically can not increase it on appeal. At trial, each particular person presents witnesses and the proof collected is recorded. Generally talking, the plaintiff has the burden of proof in making his claims, nevertheless, the defendant could have the burden of proof on other issues, such as affirmative defenses. The attorneys are held accountable in devising a trial technique that ensures they meet the required parts of their case or to ensure the opponent will be unable to meet his or her burden.

Litigation

At the time the defendant files a solution, the defendant additionally raises all “affirmative” defenses. The defendant may assert counterclaims for damages or equitable relief towards the plaintiff. For instance, in the case of “obligatory counterclaims,” the defendant must assert some form of counterclaim or danger having the counterclaim barred in any subsequent continuing. In the case of creating a counterclaim, the defendant is making a movement directed towards the plaintiff claiming that he/she was injured in some way or wish to sue the plaintiff.

A grievance should explicitly state that a quantity of plaintiffs seek damages or equitable relief from a quantity of said defendants, and also ought to state the relevant factual allegations supporting the legal claims brought by the plaintiffs. As the initial pleading, a criticism is an important step in a civil case because a complaint units the factual and authorized foundation for everything of a case. While complaints and other pleadings might ordinarily be amended by a movement with the court docket, the grievance sets the framework for the entire case and the claims that will be asserted throughout the whole lawsuit. If you need help understanding the which means of litigation in legislation or with litigation itself, you can publish your legal want on UpCounsel’s marketplace. Lawyers on UpCounsel come from law faculties corresponding to Harvard Law and Yale Law and average 14 years of authorized experience, together with work with or on behalf of corporations like Google, Menlo Ventures, and Airbnb.

Our antitrust attorneys are positioned within the United States and throughout Europe, and might represent events in multiple jurisdictions, and in both private and …

By Michael February 6, 2023 Off

Start A Business, Shield Your Liked Ones: Llc Wills Trademark Incorporate & Extra Online

Regardless of the way by which the arbitration is carried out, the arbitrator shall concern a reasoned written determination sufficient to elucidate the important findings and conclusions on which the decision and award, if any, are primarily based. The arbitrator could make rulings and resolve disputes as to the payment and reimbursement of charges or bills at any time through the continuing and upon request from either celebration made within 14 days of the arbitrator’s ruling on the merits. You retain ownership of your User Content if you submit it to the Spotify Service. However, in order for us to make your User Content available on the Spotify Service, we do want a restricted license from you to that User Content.

If we make changes to this Privacy Policy, we are going to submit the updated Privacy Policy to and those changes will become effective immediately on posting. For this purpose, we encourage you to check our Privacy Policy frequently. The “Last Updated” date on the backside of this web page signifies when this Privacy Policy was last revised. The updated Privacy Policy will apply from the date it’s posted on and will govern the means in which by which we collect and use private data from then on.

Legal

UNICEF welcomes links from sites that share our targets of working for children’s rights, assembly children’s basic wants and increasing opportunities for youngsters to succeed in their full potential. UNICEF is dedicated to creating information about its programmes and operations obtainable to the general public. UNICEF considers public entry to info a key part of efficient participation of all stakeholders, including the public, in the achievement of its mandate. UNICEF reserves all copyrights on materials on its Web pages, together with images and graphic designs. In the case of some publications, UNICEF has licensed the rights to 3rd parties.

Any change in tax fee might be routinely utilized primarily based on the account data you provide. You might must create a Spotify account to use all or a half of the Spotify Service. Your username and password are for your personal use only and should be saved confidential. You understand that you’re responsible for all use of your username and password. Notify our Customer Service group immediately in case your username or password is lost or stolen, or if you imagine there has been unauthorized access to your account. Spotify has no liability to you, nor any obligation to offer a refund to you, in reference to internet or different service outages or failures which may be attributable to the actions of presidency authorities, other third events, or events past our management.

A number of websites within the unicef.org domain are focused on kids, together with interactive websites corresponding to group discussions. Some of those sites require the child consumer to supply us with personal info, for example, to create an account. If so, we are going to solely ask for the minimal amount of private information necessary. Those websites will …

By Michael February 2, 2023 Off

Andreas, Sheila And Partners Law Office

In 2018, ASP was ranked 2nd amongst all Indonesian law companies in Legal Consultants that advised on the most accomplished IPO transactions. The U.S. is presently the one nation with sufficient lawyers, in addition to journalists and sociologists who specialize in finding out them, to have extensively out there information on salary buildings at main law firms. Lawyers in small cities and towns should have old style basic practices, however most urban attorneys tend to be extremely specialized as a outcome of overwhelming complexity of the law today. Thus, some small corporations in the cities focus on working towards just one sort of law and are known as boutique law companies. The smallest law companies are lawyers working towards alone, who form the overwhelming majority of legal professionals in almost all nations.

Law & Legal Firm

With practically 200-member law corporations and hundreds of attorneys within the society situated in 50 countries across the globe, Primerus offers shoppers easy accessibility to the best lawyer, with the best expertise, in the proper location, and at the right cost. Each firm is screened to make sure its dedication to excellence, and as quickly as approved for membership, each Primerus firm is audited annually to make sure that the legal services they continue to supply to clients are of a constant prime quality, yr after 12 months. HHM dedicates itself to provide wonderful and business minded legal services to consumer in a number of follow areas. We have assisted various clients in varied industries, either individual, local and international corporations, or startup enterprise that enable us to have comprehensive knowledge and understanding on our client’s enterprise, associated legal guidelines and laws, culture and environment in Indonesia. The largest law firms (known because the “BigLaw”) in the world are headquartered primarily in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Among those who survived, law firm layoffs turned so widespread that commerce publications like American Lawyer produced an ongoing “Layoff List” of the law companies nationwide that minimize jobs. Related improvements embrace various legal services provider , legal outsourcing and what’s typically referred to as “NewLaw”. Law firm mergers tend to be assortative, in that solely law corporations operating in similar legal systems are prone to merge. For instance, U.S. companies will typically merge with English law firms, or law corporations from different common law jurisdictions. Limited legal responsibility partnership , during which the attorney-owners are companions with one another, but no associate is liable to any creditor of the law firm nor is any associate liable for any negligence on the a half of any other partner.

Our dimension and construction permits us to take care of a personalized stage of service for target-oriented success for our shoppers. They may also be a supply of significant and useful advice, including what sort of entity to set up in Costa Rica, places for establishing your operations, and really helpful suppliers for the likes of bank accounts. Among those have been a transfer to lower investment barriers by chopping the …

By Michael January 30, 2023 Off

60 Finest Law Firm Logo Ideas Desain Brand, Desain, Poster Desain Grafis

Among people who survived, law firm layoffs grew to become so common that commerce publications like American Lawyer produced an ongoing “Layoff List” of the law firms nationwide that minimize jobs. Related innovations embody different legal services provider , legal outsourcing and what’s typically known as “NewLaw”. Law firm mergers tend to be assortative, in that only law firms working in similar legal techniques are likely to merge. For example, U.S. corporations will typically merge with English law corporations, or law firms from different common law jurisdictions. Limited legal responsibility partnership , by which the attorney-owners are companions with each other, however no partner is liable to any creditor of the law firm nor is any partner answerable for any negligence on the a half of another companion.

We imagine in the energy of legal to resolve your most significant challenges and take on the longer term. It’s about harnessing the power of PwC’s international reach, local presence and business depth to chart a future-ready path to success. We ship the connected expertise that bridges all elements of your business— so you can grow and protect it, today and tomorrow. White & Case lawyers are acknowledged for his or her legal innovation and excellent service to purchasers worldwide. Oki worked in a number of distinguished law firms in Indonesia previous to establishing HHM Law Office. His practice centered on Capital Market Law, General Corporate And Commercial Law, Foreign Investment Law, Labor Law, Banking and Finance Law, Consumer Law and Alternative Dispute Resolution.

However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has made that transition much more durable as vitality safety becomes a serious drawback for so much of countries. This publication explores the legal and practical challenges that have to be considered. The choice of a lawyer is a crucial determination and shouldn’t be based solely on advertisements.

Leks&Co is an Indonesian multi-services law firm, stuffed with dynamic and intelligent folks, operating at a particular quality management system, rendering preeminent and world-class legal services beneath a specified quality code, core values, and shopper service normal. His apply focuses on US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations, anti-money laundering, sanctions and securities fraud. Partnering with purchasers on the enterprise of law isn’t just lip-service about shopper service; it is embedded into our culture and our shopper service mannequin. Our attorneys count on the skilled employees at Goodwin to develop true partnerships with our shoppers, sharing in our collective success and creating deep and long-lasting relationships. In its “2022 Diversity Snapshot,” Law360 has named world law firm White & Case LLP the Number 1 Global Elite US firm, amongst those with more than 600 attorneys, for its proportion of equity partners identifying as individuals of colour. As an Indonesian law firm, it’s our primary job to understand the regulation of overseas investment in Indonesia so we can help purchasers to obtain funding licenses and permits.

Legal Nexus Law Firm’s expertise and accuracy are the keys to buyer satisfaction. We are dedicated to provide our shoppers …

By Michael January 25, 2023 Off

60 Finest Law Firm Emblem Ideas Desain Logo, Desain, Poster Desain Grafis

We present bankruptcy law service with all the required professional advice masking the preparation and negotiation of debt reduction, asset safety, loan restructuring, assisting in transactional filings for agreements and safety paperwork together with managing the financial compliance. In late 2001, it was widely publicized that John C. Dearie’s personal damage plaintiffs’ firm in the state of New York has been experimenting with bus-sized “cell law workplaces.” The firm insists that it doesn’t “chase ambulances”. It claims that a law workplace on wheels is more convenient for private harm plaintiffs, who are sometimes recovering from extreme accidents and thus find it troublesome to travel removed from their homes for an intake interview.

There is one in style American dramedy, also called, comedy drama referred to as Boston Legal which was created by David E. Kelley and produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC. It is a spin-off of another long running Kelley collection, The Practice, following the exploits of former character Alan Shore at the legal firm of Crane, Poole & Schmidt. Law companies are ranked both objectively, corresponding to by revenue, profits per associate, and subjectively, by numerous legal publishers and journalists. Nevertheless, data from Altman Weil indicates that solely 4 companies merged in the first half of 2013, as in comparability with eight in the identical period in 2012, and this was taken by them as indicating a dip in morale relating to the legal economic system and the quantity of demand. ELF – Eksakta Legal Firm individuals are also obliged to update their knowledge, not only on current laws or knowledge, however are obliged to have a far future vision of the professional world in the area of enterprise.

Our legal consultant will in turn, learn about your business for which you need to consider the following… Our legal consultants have trained and certified from worldwide law corporations. They also have legal/commercial and operational backgrounds, extensive private apply, in-house and corporate experience, all of which makes them robust enterprise companions, who understand both your business and legal wants. We are proud to be a good national Indonesian commercial law firm which provides a extensive range of legal providers, both in transactions and dispute matters for the pursuits of domestic and multinational firms which are doing business in Indonesia. We have earned the trust of major home and international clients from our capacity to offer responsive and dependable legal advice in company and industrial transactions, dispute resolution, insolvency, and restructuring.

We are wanting ahead to welcome you to the Firm, highlighting a few options about our legal companies and we hope sharing ideas for partnering with you. Simbolon & Partners at all times preserve a great cooperation with our correspondence firm in other countries to obtain our Clients’ need when they are in need of legal services outside of Indonesia,. Therefore our Firm is changing into member of several international legal organizations. “Responsiveness and reliability are very important concerns to us when deciding on legal …

By Michael January 22, 2023 Off

Litigation Which Means, Definition In Cambridge English Dictionary

Uncompromising protection of companies and people in high-profile and complex litigation and investigations. Give an outline of basic procedural principles that govern civil litigation in your jurisdiction. Describe the final organisation of the court system for civil litigation. The defending celebration responds with a letter providing a decrease quantity of compensation — usually decrease than they’d be willing to pay — at which point there could additionally be more counteroffers negotiating a settling value.

The litigation process is ruled by The Civil Procedure Rules 1998. This is a comprehensive set of rules which inform all elements of the civil litigation process. The Rules prescribe the time limits within which certain steps within the litigation process must be undertaken, the correct varieties to use and the obligations on the events to litigation to slender the problems in dispute. Please note that different areas of dispute, such as matrimonial disputes, could have their own set of procedural rules to observe. With skilled legal professionals on the bottom within the United States, Europe, Asia and South America, we characterize multinational shoppers seamlessly and cost-efficiently across enterprise traces and geographic areas.

Litigation

The American Lawyer introduced Shearman & Sterling with its highest honor, the Global Citizenship Award – Lifetime Achievement, at this year’s Global Legal Awards gala in New York City. Partner K. Mallory Brennan was selected as one of the New York Law Journal’s Rising Stars. The award acknowledges attorneys 40 and youthful who’ve made vital contributions to the law or authorized group over the previous yr. Shearman & Sterling’s Litigation follow was acknowledged by The AmLaw Litigation Daily after securing a victory for GNOME Foundation, a pro bono consumer, in a patent infringement suit filed by Rothschild Patent Imaging.

Loyens & Loeff can support you in defending your business’ pursuits. Sustainability is becoming an increasingly important factor within the selections of investors, corporations, shoppers, shareholders and policy- and lawmakers. The broadly supported awareness for the Environmental Social and Governance (‘ESG’) goals is reflected in plenty of worldwide voluntary requirements as properly as in an growing number of European laws to mobilise financing for sustainable growth. By submitting a complaint with the clerk of the courtroom, the plaintiff initiates authorized motion.

It is usually in writing and will set out the details the court found proved and the authorized conclusion primarily based on these information. The judgment may even comprise a course as to who should pay the costs of the litigation. The procedures for the above are set out in detail within the Civil Procedure Rules. It is important that each parties have interaction with each other in a civil and co-operative method. If a celebration is proven to be obstructive or evading its obligations under these rules, then they might face a penalty for costs even when they are ultimately successful within the action. The overriding goal of the foundations is to resolve disputes justly and by essentially the most environment friendly means potential.

Digital transformation is all about using the most …

By Michael January 18, 2023 Off

Indonesia Dispute Lawyer, Indonesia Real Property Lawyer, Law Firm Jakarta, Lawyer Indonesia, Indonesia Law Workplace, Jakarta Lawyer, Law Firm Indonesia Indonesian Multi-services Law Firm

Makes Law Firm is a key participant in restructuring transactions, having led 60% of all landmark restructuring and privatization deals in Indonesia in the course of the 1997 Asian monetary crisis and the 2007 Global monetary disaster. Commonly, the utilization of expatriates in Indonesia displays a necessity for talent in sure positions. The employment of such international employees in Indonesia have to be in accordance with the procedures for utilizing foreign workers, as ordinarily regulated by the federal government and/or the Minister of Manpower. Upon the enactment of the Omnibus Law, provisions concerning international employees have undergone regulatory adjustments within the employment cluster.

We dedicated to supply dependable, industry-savvy, and cost efficient legal providers to our shopper. In the sector of power, plantation, and different natural assets law, ASP is specialized in handling the permits and licensing, acquisition of mining, oil and fuel corporations, the institution of foreign investment in plantation companies, land clearing with an HGU title, and joint operations or other arrangements. Based on research carried out by the Asia Business Law Journal, Andreas Hartono was acknowledged as one of Indonesian’s prime a hundred lawyers in 2019. ASP achieved 1st rank for prime law office for IPO consultants by complete variety of tasks and 2nd rank for the largest number of IPO transactions in 2019.

Our dimension and structure permits us to maintain a personalized level of service for target-oriented success for our purchasers. They will also be a source of significant and useful advice, together with what sort of entity to set up in Costa Rica, places for establishing your operations, and really helpful providers for the likes of bank accounts. Among those have been a move to lower investment limitations by slicing the minimal investment required for residency, introduction of a so-called “digital nomads visa” to attract distant staff, and efforts to develop nearer economic ties with different countries within the Central American and Caribbean area. Costa Rica is a well-liked vacation spot for overseas buyers and visitors alike, thanks to its lengthy standing political and economic stability, high quality of life, and low levels of violent crime by regional requirements. Yes, you can choose to pay the work on to another colleague to “babysit” your recordsdata or, and on the premise, you are your own boss and choose and manage your individual caseload – you presumably can choose to take your laptop computer with you and repair the client while away (admittedly this eats into your holiday – but our system is portable).

Eddy Leks suggested Plaza Indonesia Urban on drafting sales package documents, house rules of residences, articles of association and by-laws of tenant associations. Leks also advised China Railway Engineering Indonesia on checking land use and technical development knowledge for a development web site. If you discovered this article on discovering an excellent legal firm in Costa Rica of interest, check out the relaxation of our coverage of this affluent Central American country. The Digital Markets Act ushers in a new period for …

By Michael January 16, 2023 Off